Intercultural Learning through Crafts in a Nordic-Baltic Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.6345Keywords:
Intercultural learning, craft education, higher education, traditional craft, Nordic-Baltic regionAbstract
A Nordplus-funded project titled ‘Higher Education on Craft Traditions’ was established to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing in safeguarding craft traditions in the Nordic-Baltic region. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge on the intercultural learning outcomes achieved during an intensive craft week that took place in March 2023. This case study describes the contents of this intensive week and analyses the participating students’ reflections (N = 14) on their learning outcomes using thematised content analysis. The main findings were thematised as hands-on crafting and deepening of craft knowledge and intercultural interaction and learning. The results highlight the various possibilities that higher education craft students realise for crafts as a means of facilitating intercultural communication and safeguarding traditions from the past for both the present and the future.
References
Abdulai, M., & Roosalu, T. (2022). International Student Mobility and Transformative Intercultural Learning in Estonia and Denmark. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 21(3), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v22i1.25
Achtenhagen, L., & Johannisson, B. (2013). The making of an intercultural learning context for entrepreneuring. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 5(1), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2013.051671
Almevik, G., Groth, C., & Westerlund, T. (2022). Explorations in Craft Sciences. In T. Westerlund, C. Groth, & G. Almevik (Eds.), Craft sciences (pp. 2–18). University of Gothenburg. https://doi.org/10.21524/kriterium.40.a
Alisaari, J., Heikkola, L. M., Cammings, N. & Acquah, E. O. (2019). Monolingual ideologies confronting multilingual realities. Finnish teachers’ beliefs about linguistic diversity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 80 (April 2019), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.01.003
Bamford, R. (2011). Ecology and the aesthetics of imperfect balance. Craft + Design Enquiry, 3, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.22459/CDE.03.2011.05
Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining 21st century skills. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17–66). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5_2
Byram, M. (2021). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence: Revisited. Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781800410251
Carden, S. (2023). Patterns and programs: Replication and Creativity in the Place-Based Knitting of Shetland and Ireland. Textile. Cloth and Culture, 21(2), 819–838. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2022.2149081
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C.N. (2023). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage.
Groth, C. (2017). Making Sense Through Hands - Design and Craft Practice Analysed as Embodied Cognition [Doctoral dissertation, Aalto University]. Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-7130-5
Groth, C., & Gulliksen, M. (2024) Thinking through hands in education. In T. Schilhab, & C. Groth (Eds.), Embodied learning and teaching using the 4ECognition approach: Exploring perspectives in teaching tractices (pp.83–92). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003341604-13
Groth, C., & Schilhab, T. (2024) Conclusions. In T. Schilhab, & C. Groth (Eds.), Embodied learning and teaching using the 4ECognition approach: Exploring perspectives in teaching practices (pp.181–191). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003341604-25
Halualani, R. T. (2008). How do multicultural university students define and make sense of intercultural contact? A qualitative study, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.10.006
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor Books.
Hamilton, L., & Corbett-Whittier, C. (2013). Using case study in education research. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473913851
Han, R., Zhang, H., Li, R., & Sha, C. (2019). Data as a medium for inheritance and creativity of traditional design. A case study on data-driven modern creative design of ancient Chinese catering utensil. The Design Journal. 22(sup1), 1117–1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1594978
Hughes, P. (2011). Towards a post-consumer subjectivity: A future for the crafts in the twenty first century? Craft + Design Enquiry, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.22459/CDE.03.2011.02
Hui, A. (2012). Things in motion, things in practices: How mobile practice networks facilitate the travel and use of leisure objects. Journal of Consumer Culture, 12(2), 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540512446873
Ionică, P. (2022). Traditional crafts. What about? Culture. Society. Economy. Politics, 2(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.2478/csep-2022-0005
Jansen, H. (2010). The Logic of Qualitative Survey Research and its Position in the Field of Social Research Methods. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 11(2), Article 11. http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1450/2946
Jones, P., Gopalkrishnan, N., & Miles, D. (2018). Intercultural learning. UTS ePRESS. https://doi.org/10.5130/978-0-9945039-9-2
Jõeste, K. (2023). Innovation in Estonian heritage-based knitting: The case of embroidered gloves. FormAkademisk, 16(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.5425
Kokko, S. (2022). Orientations on studying crafts in higher education. Craft Research, 13(2), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1386/crre_00086_1
Kokko, S., Almevik, G., Bentz Høgseth, H. & Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. (2020). Mapping the methodologies of the craft sciences in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Craft Research, 11(2), 177–209. https://doi.org/10.1386/crre_00025_1
Kokko, S., & Dillon, P. (2016). Engaging trainee teachers with crafts and cultural heritage. International Journal of Education through Art, 12(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1386/eta.12.1.21_1
Kokko, S., & Kaipainen, M. (2015). The changing role of cultural heritage in traditional textile crafts from Cyprus. Craft Research, 6(1), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1386/crre.6.1.9_1
Kouhia, A. (2021). From essential skill to productive capital: Perspectives on policies and practices of craft education in Finland. In D. Wood (Ed.), Craft is political (pp. 212–224). Bloomsbury Visual Arts. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350122291.0022
Kröger, T. (2012). Craft as a boundary tool for multi- and intercultural education: a case in teacher education. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 47, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.47.91
Kröger, T. (2020). Promoting significant learning in a cultural craft course. Craft Research, 11(2), 211–236, https://doi.org/10.1386/crre_00026_1
Kröger, T., & Kokko, S. (2025). Intra- and Intercultural Dialogue in Craft Education. A Systematic Literature Review. Biennial International Conference for the Craft Sciences 2025. https://biccs.dh.gu.se/2025/2025-12/1
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (Fourth edition.). Jossey-Bass.
Mommo, S., Kouhia, A., & Rönkkö, M-L. (2025). Visions of the Future of Craft Education. The International Journal of Art and Design Education, 44(1), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12548
NordTradCraft Network (2023). The Craft Symposium returns! https://sisu.ut.ee/craftsymposiummariestad/start
Nugraha, A. (2012). Transforming tradition [Doctoral dissertation, Aalto University]. Aalto University. Nugraha, A. (2012). Transforming tradition [Doctoral dissertation, Aalto University]. Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201604111722
Nyborg, P. (1996). International Student Mobility: The Nordic experience. European Journal of Education, 31(2), 193-203.
Otten, M. (2003). Intercultural Learning and Diversity in Higher Education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315302250177
Peedicayil, J. (2001). The importance of cultural inheritance. Med Hypotheses. 56(2), 158–159. https://doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2000.1131
Reid, R., & Garson, K. (2017). Rethinking Multicultural Group Work as Intercultural Learning. Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(3), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315316662981
Roiha, A., & Sommier, M. (2021). Exploring teachers’ perceptions and practices of intercultural education in an international school. Intercultural Education, 32(4), 446–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2021.1893986
Shahab, S. (2021). Crafting displacement: Reconfigurations of heritage among Syrian artisans in Amman. Journal of Material Culture, 26(4), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591835211042495
Schilhab, T., & Groth, C. (2024) Introduction to the anthology. In T. Schilhab, & C. Groth (Eds.), Embodied learning and teaching using the 4ECognition approach: Exploring perspectives in teaching practices (pp.3–12). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003341604-2
Shu, W., & Sun, F. (2020). On the Integration and Innovation of Huizhou Woodcarving in the Design of Modern Cultural and Creative Products. E3S Web of Conferences, 179, 02078. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902078
Stake, R. E. (2000). Case study. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 435–454). Sage.
Tung, F.-W. (2012). Weaving with rush: Exploring craft-design collaborations in revitalizing a local craft. International Journal of Design, 6(3), 71–84.
Turner, Y. (2009). “Knowing Me, Knowing You,” Is There Nothing We Can Do? Pedagogic Challenges in Using Group Work to Create an Intercultural Learning Space. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315308329789
UNESCO. (2018). Basic texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2018 Edition. UNESCO. https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-EN.pdf
Walker, J. A. (1989). Design History and the History of Design. Pluto Press.
Väänänen, N. (2020). Sustainable craft: dismantled and reassembled [Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland]. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-3319-5
Yang, Y. (2022). The Definition of an Intercultural Person. The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology, 4(4) 31–35. https://doi.org/10.25236/FSST.2022.040406
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Niina Väänänen, Elisabeth Gräslund-Berg, Kaisa Hyrsky, Hanna Kettunen, Sirpa Kokko, Lars Runnquist, Tine Spuur, Kirsti Tuum, Kalle Virta

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The author(s) must manage their economic reproduction rights to any third party.
- The journal makes no financial or other compensation for submissions, unless a separate agreement regarding this matter has been made with the author(s).
- The journal is obliged to archive the manuscript (including metadata) in its originally published digital form for at least a suitable amount of time in which the manuscript can be accessed via a long-term archive for digital material, such as in the Norwegian universities’ institutional archives within the framework of the NORA partnership.
The material will be published OpenAccess with a Creative Commons 4.0 License which allows anyone to read, share and adapt the content, even commercially under the licence terms:
This work needs to be appropriately attributed/credited, a link must be provided to the CC-BY 4.0 licence, and changes made need to be indicated in a reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests that the licensor endorses you or your use.