Development of a questionnaire to explore Swedish radiographers’ need for additional post-registration knowledge in their profession

Authors

  • Lise-Lott Lundvall Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-1165
  • Marie Byenfeldt Linköping university https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-1639
  • Johan Kihlberg Department of Radiology in Linköping, Sweden Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden. Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-8044

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7577/radopen.6222

Keywords:

Radiography, radiographer, interview, professional education, continuing education, university

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid and continuous technology development in radiology departments is seen globally. Swedish radiographers experience high workloads and difficulties in retaining colleagues and have few opportunities to develop the profession. It is therefore important to gain insight into radiographers’ own perspectives of this concern for professional development in a national survey; however, the topic seems sparsely investigated. The aim of this pilot study was firstly to explore Swedish radiographers’ experienced need for additional post-registration knowledge in their profession and opportunities for clinical advancement based on their everyday work, and secondly to generate items for a questionnaire.

Methods: Eight radiographers with diverse clinical experiences were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using manifest content analysis. The empirical data was used for formulating questionnaire items.

Results: Three categories were found in this pilot study; Need to deepen previously learned knowledge; Need for mandatory educational program regulated by the law; Organization of education and clinical implementation of further knowledge

Ten items were generated from empirical data on a 10-point Likert scale which was pilot tested. Open-ended questions were formulated for each item, and demographic questions were added to obtain background data.

Conclusion: The results and opinions in the selected informants show a probable need for and wish of further education which could be done on a national scale through a quantitative questionnaire study, of which this study is the basis for.

References

1. Heales CJ, Mills K, Ladd E. Radiographer advanced and consultant practice and community diagnostic hubs - a vision for the future. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2021;27 Suppl 1:S28-s33.

2. Milner RC, Snaith B. Are reporting radiographers fulfilling the role of advanced practitioner? Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2017;23(1):48-54.

3. Hardy M, Johnson L, Sharples R, Boynes S, Irving D. Does radiography advanced practice improve patient outcomes and health service quality? A systematic review. Br J Radiol. 2016;89(1062):20151066.

4. Culpan G, Culpan AM, Docherty P, Denton E. Radiographer reporting: A literature review to support cancer workforce planning in England. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2019;25(2):155-63.

5. Harrison G, Martins Dos Santos R, Kraus B, Pedersen MRV. Radiographers in ultrasound: Motivation and role expansion. A survey of European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2021;27(4):1185-91.

6. Cuthbertson LM. Skeletal trauma reporting; perceptions and experiences of radiographer practitioners exposed to the reporting role. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2020;26(1):35-41.

7. Reid K, Rout J, Brown V, Forton R, Crawford M, Bennie M, et al. Radiographer advanced practice in computed tomography coronary angiography: making it happen. Radiography. 2016;22(4):319-26.

8. Snaith B, Milner R, Harris MA. Beyond image interpretation: capturing the impact of radiographer advanced practice through activity diaries. Radiography. 2016;22(4):e233-e8.

9. McNulty JP, England A, Shanahan MC. International perspectives on radiography practice education. Radiography. 2021;27(4):1044-51.

10. Utbildningsdepartementet. Högskoleförordning (SFS1993:100). (Internet) Stockholm1993 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/hogskoleforordning-1993100_sfs-1993-100/.

11. EFRS. European Qualifications Framework (EQF) Level 6 Benchmarking Document: Radiographer. (Internet) 2018 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/efrs-f097e.appspot.com/o/publications%2Ffe4ac827-bc8d-4430-8aa6-1f9c871a03b8?alt=media.

12. Klimat och näringslivsdepartementet. Strålskyddslag (2018:396). (Internet) Stockholm; Klimat- och näringslivsdepartementet2018 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/stralskyddslag-2018396_sfs-2018-396/.

13. Bjorkman B, Fridell K, Tavakol Olofsson P. Plausible scenarios for the radiography profession in Sweden in 2025. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2017;23(4):314-20.

14. Socialstyrelsen. Bedömning av tillgång och efterfrågan på legitimerad personal i hälso och sjukvård samt tandvård. (Internet) Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen2023 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/ovrigt/2023-2-8352.pdf.

15. Universitetskanslersämbetet(UKÄ). Antal examinerade - röntgensjuksköterskeexamina 2023. (Internet) Stockholm; 2023 [cited 2025-02-18. Available from: https://www.uka.se/integrationer/hogskolan-i-siffror/statistik?statq=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik-api.uka.se%2Fapi%2Ftotals%2F102%3Funiversity%3D1%26year%3D2023%26group_slug%3Dd9df6c6825f8c1a5deb6bf45a4a75e25f9f00462.

16. Karolinska Institute. Education at advanced level in medical abdominal ultrasound for radiographers, autumn 2025. (Internet) Stockholm: Karolinska Institute; 2024 [cited 2024 June 4]. Available from: https://utbildning.ki.se/uppdragsutbildning/kursutbud/avancerad-utbildning-i-medicinskt-abdominellt-ultraljud-for.

17. Pedersen MRV, Jensen J, Senior C, Gale N, Heales CJ, Woznitza N. Reporting radiographers in Europe survey: An overview of the role within the European Federation of Radiographer Society (EFRS) member countries. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2023;29(6):1100-7.

18. Pedersen MRV, Kraus B, Santos R, Harrison G. Radiographers' individual perspectives on sonography - A survey of European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2022;28(1):31-8.

19. McInerney J, Lombardo P, Cowling C, Roberts S, Sim J. Australian sonographers' perceptions of patient safety in ultrasound imaging: Part 1 - identifying the main safety concerns, a qualitative study. Ultrasound. 2023;31(2):127-38.

20. Miles N, Cowling C, Lawson C. The role of the sonographer - An investigation into the scope of practice for the sonographer internationally. Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2022;28(1):39-47.

21. Gibbs V, Harrison, G., & Edwards, H. Independent reporting sonographers: Could other countries follow the UK's lead? Imaging & Therapy Practice. 2017; Nov: 25-9.

22. Harrison G, Kraus B, Martins Dos Santos R, Noij-Rijkes S, Pedersen MRV. The role of radiographers in ultrasound: A survey of the national societies within the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). Radiography (London, England : 1995). 2021;27(3):761-7.

23. Statens offentliga utredningar SOU 2018:77. Framtidens specialistsjuksköterska-ny roll, nya möjligheter. (Internet) Stockholm; 2018 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/6f67c0e786f0491899a98579a002508c/framtidens-specialistsjukskoterska--ny-roll-nya-mojligheter-sou-201877/.

24. EFRS. European Qualifications Framework (EQF) Level 7 Benchmarking Document: Radiographers. (Internet) 2017 [cited 2025-01-15. Available from: https://api.efrs.eu/api/assets/posts/208.

25. Lockwood P. An evaluation of CT head reporting radiographers' scope of practice within the United Kingdom. Radiography. 2020;26(2):102-9.

26. Woznitza N, Piper K, Burke S, Patel K, Amin S, Grayson K, et al. Adult chest radiograph reporting by radiographers: preliminary data from an in-house audit programme. Radiography. 2014;20(3):223-9.

27. Hoddes R, Hattab A, England A. Initial single centre experiences of a radiographer advanced practitioner led nephrostomy exchange programme. Radiography. 2020;26(2):163-6.

28. Great Britain Department of H. Radiography skills mix : a report on the four-tier service delivery model. London: Department of Health; 2003.

29. Nightingale J, Hardy M, Snaith B. Embedding consultant radiographer roles within radiology departments: a framework for success. Radiography. 2018;24(4):289-97.

30. Harris R, Paterson A. Exploring the research domain of consultant practice: perceptions and opinions of consultant radiographers. Radiography. 2016;22(1):12-20.

31. Health Education England (NHS). Multi-professional framework for advanced clinical practice in England. (Internet) London: Health Education England; 2017 [cited 2024 June 6]. Available from: https://advanced-practice.hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2024/04/multi-professionalframeworkforadvancedclinicalpracticeinengland-1.pdf.

32. Spacey A, Hipperson V, Gloster A, Mercer C. The role of the advanced clinical practitioner in breast diagnosis: a systematic review of the literature. Radiography. 2021;27(2):654-62.

33. Møller Christensen B, Bendroth R, Andersson BT. Radiographers' Experience of Work Performance After Attending a Postgraduate Course in Appendicular Reporting—A Qualitative Study. J Radiol Nurs. 2020;39(2):120-4.

34. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105-12.

35. Krippendorff K. Content analysis : an introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE; 2019.

36. Lindgren BM, Lundman B, Graneheim UH. Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;108:103632.

37. Wallin A, Gustafsson M, Anderzen Carlsson A, Lundén M. Radiographers' experience of risks for patient safety incidents in the radiology department. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28(7-8):1125-34.

38. Wallin A, Ringdal M, Ahlberg K, Lunden M. Radiographers' experience of preventing patient safety incidents in the context of radiological examinations. Scand J Caring Sci. 2023;37(2):414-23.

39. Prentakis AG, Stefanoyiannis AP, Georgiadis K, Coleman L, Foley SJ, Herlig D, et al. Education, training, and professional issues of radiographers in six European countries: a comparative review. J Eur CME. 2016;5(1):31092.

40. Statens offentliga utredningar SOU 2025:63. Stärkt patientsäkerhet genom rätt kompetens – utifrån hälso- och sjukvårdens och tandvårdens behov. (Internet) Stockholm;2025 [cited 2025-07-10. Available from: https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/4fb765b539f8444fbe49578a00bdc03d/starkt-patientsakerhet-genom-ratt-kompetens--utifran-halso--och-sjukvardens-och-tandvardens-behov-sou-202563.pdf.

41. Mintzberg H. Managing the myths of health care : bridging the separations between care, cure, control and community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler; 2017.

42. Byenfeldt M, Lundvall LL, Olofsson PT, Kihlberg J. A survey of Swedish radiographer's need for knowledge at advanced level. Radiography. 2025;31(3):102913.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2025-12-01

How to Cite

Lundvall, L.-L., Byenfeldt, M., & Kihlberg, J. (2025). Development of a questionnaire to explore Swedish radiographers’ need for additional post-registration knowledge in their profession. Radiography Open, 11(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.7577/radopen.6222

Cited by