‘We cannot afford outsiderness’

Inclusion, sustainable development and arts education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7577/ar.5083

Keywords:

sustainable development goals, social sustainability, outsiderness, social inclusion, social exclusion, relational arts education, walk-along, a/r/tography

Abstract

This article addresses social inclusion/exclusion – specifically the kind of exclusion we describe as outsiderness – in relation to sustainable development and arts education. Our idea is to address and discuss this on an individual/micro level and as a topic of social sustainability. Inspired by Irwin and Springgay’s a/r/tography, Frank’s dialogical narrative analysis, and different walk-along methods, we also explore alternative formats of the scientific article. In this text, we will thus present what became five threads of inquiry into arts education’s potential contribution to social sustainability. These threads describe our path through this field and relate to 1) the position of the arts in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs), 2) social inclusion in the SDGs, 3) research on the arts and health, 4) social inclusion in the arts, and 5) research on outsiderness. Throughout the article, we also exemplify our walk-along discussions through narratives, revealing more of the motivations behind this text. We end the article with a discussion proposing relational arts education to help avoid outsiderness and to promote inclusion, care, social sustainability, and diverging voices or what we describe as counter-voices, in arts education.

Cover image: photo collage by Torill Vist

Author Biographies

Torill Vist, Oslo Metropolitan University

Torill Vist is professor of music education at Oslo Metropolitan University

Kari Holdhus, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

Kari Holdhus is professor at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

References

Allsup, R. E. (2016). Remixing the Classroom: Toward an open philosophy of music education. Indiana University Press.

Bakhtin, M. (1984). Problems of Dostoevsky's poetics. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/ 10.5749/j.ctt22727z1

Balsnes, A. H. (2014). Choral Singing as Health Musicking: A Discussion on Music, Education and Health. Nordisk musikkpedagogisk forskning, 15, 153–177.

Barone, T., & Eisner, E. W. (2012). Arts based research. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452 230627

Barrett, M. S. (2010). Musical narratives: A study of a young child's identity work in and through music making. Psychology of Music, 39(4), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610373054

Biesta, G. J. (2015). The Beautiful risk of education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315635866

Bingham, C., & Sidorkin, A. M. (2004). No Education without Relation. Peter Lang.

Bonde, L. O., & Theorell, T. (2018). Music and Public Health: A Nordic Perspective. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76240-1

Bourriaud, N. (1998/2002). Relational Aesthetics. Presses du réel.

Buzzell, L., & Chalquist, C. (2023). From Eco- Anxiety to Eco- Resilience: Toward a Psychology of Care. In D. A. Vakoch & S. Mickey (Eds.), Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress (pp. 42–53). Oxford University press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197622674.003.0003

Chapman, S. N., & O’Gorman, L. (2022). Transforming Learning Environments in Early Childhood Contexts Through the Arts: Responding to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Early Childhood, 54, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-022-00320-3

Clift, S. (2012). Singing Wellbeing and Health. In R. MacDonald, G. Kreutz, & L. Mitchell (Eds.), Music, Health & Wellbeing (pp. 113–124). Oxford University press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ acprof:oso/9780199586974.003.0009

Damasio, A. (1996). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. Papermac.

DESA. (n.d.-a). Leaving No One Behind. Retrieved March 19, 2022 from https://www.un.org/en/desa/ key-topics/leaving-no-one-behind

DESA. (n.d.-b). Social Inclusion. Retrieved March 19, 2022 from https://www.un.org/development/ desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/social-integration.html

Dissanayake, E. (1999). Homo Aestheticus: Where Art Comes From and Why. University of Washington Press.

Dissanayake, E. (2000). Art and Intimacy: How the arts began. University of Washington Press.

Dyndahl, P., Sidsel Karlsen, Skårberg, O., & Nielsen, S. G. (2014). Cultural omnivorousness and musical gentrification: An outline of a sociological framework and its applications for music education research. Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education, 13(1), 40–69.

Fancourt, D., & Finn, S. (2019). Health evidence network synthesis report 67: What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review. WHO Regional Office for Europe. www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289054553

Fehling, M., Nelson, B. D., & Venkatapuram, S. (2013). Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: A literature review. Global Public Health, 8(10), 1109–1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 17441692.2013.845676

Frank, A. W. (2012). Practicing dialogical narrative analysis. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Varieties of Narrative Analysis (pp. 33–52). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506335117.n3

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2019). Keeping Out Extreme Inequality from the SDG Agenda – The Politics of Indicators. Global Policy, 10, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12602

Gouk, P., Kennaway, J., Prins, J., & Thormahlen, W. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge Companion to Music, Mind, and Well-being (First edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978131516 4717

Heydon, R., Eaton, C., Black, S., Cooper, E., & O'Neill, S. (2020). Intergenerational Singing and Wellbeing: Introduction to Part III. In R. Heydon, D. Fancourt, & A. J. Cohen (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Interdisciplinary Studies in Singing (Vol. 3, pp. 345–356). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315162546-27

Higgins, L. (2012). Community Music: In Theory and in Practice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777839.001.0001

Holdhus, K., & Espeland, M. (2018). Music in future Nordic schooling. European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education (EJPAE), 2(2), 85–118. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3383789

Illeris, H. (2013). Potentials of Togetherness: Beyond Individualism and Community in Nordic Art Education. Studies in Art Education, 55(1), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393541.2013. 11518918

Illeris, H. (2017). Subjectivation, togetherness, environment: Potentials of participatory art for Art Education for Sustainable Development (AESD). InFormation: Nordic Journal of Art and Research, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7577/information.v6i1.2166

Illeris, H., Knudsen, K. N., & Skregelid, L. (2022). A/r/tografi som tilgang til udvikling af en sanselig bæredygtighedsdidaktik i kunstfagene [A/r/tography as access to development of a sensual sustainability pedagogy]. Nordic Journal of Art & Research, 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/ 10.7577/information.5067

Ingold, T. (2013). Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203559055

Jeppsson, C., & Lindgren, M. (2018). Exploring equal opportunities: Children's experiences of the Swedish Community School of Music and Arts. Research Studies in Music Education, 40(2), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X18773153

Jore, S. H. (2021). Countering radicalisation in Norwegian terrorism policy: A welfare state approach to societal security. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.), Nordic Societal Security: Convergence and Divergence (pp. 179–198). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533-12

Juan-Morera, B., Nadal-García, I., & López-Casanova, B. (2022). Systematic Review of Inclusive Musical Practices in Non-Formal Educational Contexts. Education Science, 13(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010005

Juslin, P. (2013). From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: Towards a unified theory of musical emotions. Physics of Life Reviews, 10, 235–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.05.008

Juslin, P., & Sloboda, J. (2010). Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications. Oxford University Press.

Kagan, C., & Burton, M. H. (2018). Putting the 'Social' into Sustainability Science. In W. Leal Filho (Ed.), Handbook of Sustainability Science and Research (World Sustainability Series) (pp. 285–298). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63007-6_17

Kallio, A. A. (2021) (Ed.). Difference and Division in Music Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278525

Karlsen, S., Jordhus-Lier, A., & Nielsen, S. G. (2023). Norwegian schools of music and arts: Local significance and strategies of inclusion. International Journal of Music Education, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/02557614231157737

Kester, G. H. (2004). Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. University of California Press.

Knudsen, J. S. (2021). Arts for Children, Cultural Diversity and the Production of Difference. Nordic Journal of Arts & Research, 10(2) https://doi.org/10.7577/information.3998

Kuhn, H. (2020). Reducing Inequality Within and Among Countries: Realizing SDG 10-A Developmental Perspective. In Markus Kaltenborn, Markus Krajewski, & Heike Kuhn (Eds.), Sustainable Development Goals and Human Rights (pp. 137–153). Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30469-0_8

Kunnskapsdepartementet. (2017). Framework Plan for the content and tasks of kindergartens. Udir/Ministry of Education and Research. Retrieved from https://www.udir.no/globalassets/filer/barnehage/rammeplan/framework-plan-for-kindergartens2-2017.pdf

Kusenbach, M. (2003). Street phenomenology: The go-along as ethnographic research tool. Ethnography, 4(3), 455–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/146613810343007

Laes, T., & Schmidt, P. (2016). Activism within music education: working towards inclusion and policy change in the Finnish music school context. British Journal of Music Education, 33(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051715000224

Lasczik, A., Irwin, R. L., Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, A., Rousell, D., & Lee, N. (2022). Walking with A/r/tography. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88612-7

Leavy, P. (2018). Introduction to Arts-Based Research. In P. Leavy (Ed.), Handbook of Arts-Based Research (pp. 3–21). Guildford.

Lee, N., Morimoto, K., Mosavarzadeh, M., & Irwin, R. L. (2019). Walking Propositions: Coming to Know A/r/tographically. International Journal of Art & Design Education (iJADE), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12237

Lindgren, M., Bergman, Å., & Sæther, E. (2016). The construction of social inclusion through music education: Two Swedish ethnographic studies of the El Sistema programme. In L. Väkevä, E. Georgii-Hemming, S.-E. Holgersen, & Ø. Varkøy (Eds.), Nordic Research in Music Education Yearbook (Vol. 17, pp. 65–81). Norwegian Academy of Music (NMH-publikasjoner).

Lindgren, M., Sandberg-Jurström, R., & Zandén, O. (2021). Care as technology for exclusion: Power operating in jurors' talk about admission tests to Swedish music teacher education. Nordic Research in Music Education, 2(2), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.23865/nrme.v2.2916

Malloch, S., & Trevarthen, C. (2009). Communicative Musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship. Oxford University Press.

Meloy, J. R., & Yakeley, J. (2014). The Violent True Believer as a “Lone Wolf”: Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Terrorism. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 32, 347–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2109

Mennin, D., & Farach, F. (2007). Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 14(4), 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00094.x

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Lone wolf. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lone%20wolf

Nysæther, E. T., Christophersen, C., & Sætre, J. H. (2021). Who are the music student teachers in Norwegian generalist teacher education? A cross-sectional survey. Nordic Research in Music Education, 2(2), 28–57. https://doi.org/10.23865/nrme.v2.2988

OASH. (n.d.). Social Cohesion. Healthy People 2030 (The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). Retrieved March 20, 2022 from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/social-cohesion

Poland, W. S. (2012). Outsiderness in Human Nature. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 81(4), 931–953. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2167-4086.2012.tb00630.x

Rancière, J. (2010). Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics. Continuum International Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472547378.ch-001

Ruud, E. (1997). Music and Identity. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 6(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098139709477889

Ruud, E. (2008/2015). Hvorfor musikk som terapi? [Why music as therapy?] In Fra musikkterapi til musikk og helse: artikler 1973–2014 (Vol. 1, pp. 135–159). Norges musikkhøgskole, Senter for musikk og, helse.

Ruud, E. (2010). Music Therapy: A Perspective from the Humanities. Barcelona Publishers.

Rønningen, A. (2014). Historier fra Etnia: Representasjon av kulturell annerledeshet i lærebøker i musikk for norsk ungdomsskole. [Stories from Ethnia: Representation of cultural difference in textbooks for music in Norwegian comprehensive school.] In S. G. Nielsen, E. Georgii-Hemming, S.-E. Holgersen, & L. Väkevä (Eds.), Nordic Research in Music Education. Yearbook (Vol. 15, pp. 121–152). Norwegian Academy of Music (NMH-publikasjoner 2014:8).

Rønningen, A., Jeppsson, C., Tillborg, A. D. L., Johnsen, H. B., & Holst, F. (2019). Kulturskolerelatert forskning i Norden: En oversikt. [Research on schools of music and performing arts in the Nordic countries. An overview] https://kulturskoleradet.no/vi-tilbyr/forskningsoversikt

Saarni, C. (1999). The Development of Emotional Competence. Guildford.

Salovey, P., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Key Readings on the Mayer and Salovey Model. Dude Publ. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939338.ch28

Seierstad, Å. (2015). One of Us: The Story of Anders Breivik and the Massacre in Norway. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Shirazi, M. R., & Keivani, R. (2019). Social sustainability discourse: A critical revisit. In R. Keivani & M. R. Shirazi (Eds.), Urban Social Sustainability: Theory, practice and policy (pp. 1–26). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315115740-1

Shrivastava, P., Ivanaj, V., & Ivanaj, S. (2016). Sustainable development and the arts. InderSience Online, 60(1–2), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2012.049104

Small, C. (1998). Musicking: The Meanings of Performing and Listening. Wesleyan University Press.

Soini, K., & Birkeland, I. (2014). Exploring the scientific discourse on cultural sustainability. Geoforum, 51, 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.12.001

Springgay, S., Irwin, R. L., & Kind, S. (2008). A/R/Tographers and living inquiry. In J. G. Knowles & A. L. Cole (Eds.), Handbook of the Arts in Qualitative Research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples and issues (pp. 83–91). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452226 545.n7

Statistics Norway. (2023). Fakta om barnehager [Facts about kindergartens]. Retrieved August 4, 2023 from https://www.ssb.no/utdanning/faktaside/barnehager

Stern, D. N. (2010). Forms of Vitality: Exploring dynamic experience in psychology, the arts, psychotherapy and development. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/ 9780199586066.001.0001

Stige, B., Ansdell, G., Elefant, C., & Pavlicevic, M. (2010). Where Music Helps: Community Music Therapy in Action and Reflection. Ashgate.

Triggs, V., Irwin, R. L., & Leggo, C. (2014). Walking art: Sustaining ourselves as arts educators. Visual Inquiry: Learning & Teaching Art, 3(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1386/vi.3.1.21_1

UN. (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication

UN. (2016). Leaving no one behind: The imperative of inclusive development. Report on the World Social Situation 2016. United Nations. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/ 2016/full-report.pdf

UNESCO. (2015). Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good? http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232555e.pdf

Vist, T. (2009). Musikkopplevelse som muligheter for følelseskunnskap: En studie av musikkopplevelse som medierende redskap for følelseskunnskap, med vekt på emosjonell tilgjengelighet og forståelse [Music experience as potential for emotion knowledge: A study of music experience as a mediating tool for emotion knowledge, focusing on emotion availability and understanding] [Doctoral dissertation, Norwegian Academy of Music]. Oslo. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/172450

Vist, T. (2011). Music Experience in Early Childhood – Potential for Emotion Knowledge? International Journal of Early Childhood, 43(3), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-011-0045-7

Vist, T. (2014). Fra kommende voksne til kommende skolebarn? Musikkfaget og norske barnehagediskurser [From future adults to future school children? The subject of music and Norwegian day care discourses]. Barn, 32(2), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.5324/barn.v32i2.3484

Vist, T., & Holdhus, K. (2018). Does this work [of art] invite me into [intersubjective] dialogue? Discussing Relational Aesthetics in Music Education. The European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education, 3(1), 182–221. http://www.ejpae.com/index.php/EJPAE/article/view/39

Väkevä, L., Westerlund, H., & Ilmola-Sheppard, L. (2022). Hidden elitism: the meritocratic discourse of free choice in Finnish music education system. Music Education Research, 24(4), 417–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2022.2074384

Welch, G. F., Himonides, E., Saunders, J., Papageorgi, I., & Sarazin, M. (2014). Singing and social inclusion. Frontiers in psychology, 5(803), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00803

Young, S. (2016). Early childhood music education research: An overview. Research Studies in Music Education, 38(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X16640106

Østergaard, E. (2019). Music and sustainability education – A contradiction? Acta Didactica Norge, 13(2), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.6452

Østrem, S., Bjar, H., Hogsnes, H. D., Jansen, T. T., Nordtømme, S., & Tholin, K. R. (2009). Alle teller mer: En evaluering av hvordan Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver blir innført, brukt og erfart [Everyone counts: An evaluation of how the Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens are introduced, used and experienced] (Vol. 1/2009). Høgskolen i Vestfold.

Downloads

Published

2023-11-22

How to Cite

Vist, T., & Holdhus, K. (2023). ‘We cannot afford outsiderness’: Inclusion, sustainable development and arts education. Nordic Journal of Art & Research, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.7577/ar.5083