Students’ perspectives on the functionality of the flipped classroom approach in master’s thesis seminar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7577/seminar.4672Keywords:
flipped classroom, master’s thesis, higher education, pedagogy, online learningAbstract
Research studies are an important part of educational sciences curricula in Finland. However, these studies are challenging to conduct, given the teacher-led activities, lack of social presence, engagement, collaborative working with and time management of students, and large-entity writing process management comprising this environment. Here, our aim was to develop a program of master’s thesis seminar higher education pedagogy that employed a flipped classroom (FC) approach. While the FC approach has been investigated in several contexts of higher education, it has only been minimally explored in the master’s thesis seminar. Participating students’ views and mixed-methods were used. Based on the quantitative results, students considered guidance and satisfaction high, and difficulty low. Moreover, the FC approach was seen as well-suited to, and preferred by, the students, while not being significantly straining. Based on the qualitative and mixed-methods results, FC was seen as functional, goal-oriented, and flexible, and team spirit and supervisor’s presence were considered to be positive. However, negative experiences were also identified, such as the amount of peer feedback possibilities and time usage. The results, discussion, limitations, and implications are presented in terms of research-based development work on FC approach-grounded master’s thesis seminars in higher education.
References
Abeysekera, L., & Dawson, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: Definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.934336
Aguilar, R., Santana, M., Larrañeta, B., & Cuevas, G. (2021). Flipping the strategic management classroom: Undergraduate students’ learning outcomes, Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 65(6), 1081–1096, https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2020.1825524
Alexander, B., Ashford-Rowe, K., Barajas-Murph, N., Dobbin, G., Knott, J., McCormack, … & Weber, N. (2019). EDUCAUSE horizon report 2019 higher education edition (pp. 3–41). EDUCAUSE.
Awidi, I. T., & Paynter, M. (2019). The impact of a flipped classroom approach on student learning experience. Computers & Education, 128, 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.013
Becker, R., & Birdi, A. (2018). Flipping the classroom: Old ideas, new technologies. International Review of Economics Education, 29, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2018.06.001
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education.
Boevé, A. J., Meijer, R. R., Bosker, R. J., Vugteveen, J., Hoekstra, R., & Albers, C. J. (2017). Implementing the flipped classroom: An exploration of study behaviour and student performance. Higher Education, 74(6), 1015–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0104-y
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., & Chen, N. S. (2014). Is FLIP enough? Or should we use the FLIPPED model instead? Computers & Education, 79, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.004
Cornelius, S., & Nicol, S. (2015). Understanding the needs of master’s dissertation supervisors: Supporting students in professional contexts. Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 4(1), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v4i1.161
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
de Kleijin, R. A. M., Meijer, P. C., Pilot, A., & Brekelmans, M. (2014). The relation between feedback perceptions and the supervisor–student relationship in master’s thesis projects. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(4), 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.860109
Devlin, M., & Samarawickrema, G. (2022) A commentary on the criteria of effective teaching in post-COVID higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.2002828
Donnelly, R. (2013). Enabling connections in postgraduate supervision for an applied eLearning professional development programme. International Journal for Academic Development, 13(4), 356–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2013.784873
Drennan, J., & Clarke, M. (2009). Coursework master’s programmes: The student’s experience of research and research supervision. Studies in Higher Education, 34(5), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802597150
Dysthe, O., Samara, A., & Westrheim, K. (2006). Multivoiced supervision of Master’s students: A case study of alternative supervision practices in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 31(3), 299–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070600680562
Eteläpelto, A., & Lahti, J. (2008). The resources and obstacles of creative collaboration in a long-term learning community. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(3), 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.09.003
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage.
Finnish National Agency for Education & Ministry of Education and Culture. (2021). Finnish education in a nutshell. https://www.oph.fi/sites/default/files/documents/finnish_education_in_a_nutshell.pdf
Gannod, G., Burge, J., & Helmick, M. (2008). Using the inverted classroom to teach software engineering. In 2008 ACM/IEEE 30th international conference on software engineering (pp. 777–786). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1145/1368088.1368198
Gilboy, M. B., Heinerichs, S., & Pazzaglia, G. (2015). Enhancing student engagement using the flipped classroom. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(1), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.008
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE, 3(2020). https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Hung, H. T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.967701
Hyppönen, L., Hirsto, L., & Sointu, E. (2019). Perspectives on university students’ self-regulated learning, task-avoidance, time management and achievement in a flipped classroom context. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(13), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.13.5
Hyypiä, M. (2019). Onnistuneen flippauksen avaimet - Opiskelijoiden näkemys Flipped Classroom -opintojaksosta ja opintojakson tyytyväisyyttä selittävät tekijät oppimisympäristöteoreettisessa tarkastelussa [Keys to successful flipping – Students’ perceptions of the Flipped Classroom course and factors explaining the positive course experience in the theoretical framework of learning environments]. Pro gradu -tutkielma [Master’s thesis]. University of Eastern Finland.
Hyypiä, M., Sointu, E., Hirsto, L., & Valtonen, T. (2019a). Key components of learning environments in creating a positive flipped classroom course experience. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 18(13), 61–86. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.13.4
Kim, M. K., Kim, S. M., Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: An exploration of design principles. The Internet and Higher Education, 22, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.04.003
Lai, C.-L., & Hwang, G.-J. (2016). A self-regulated flipped classroom approach to improving students’ learning performance in a mathematics course. Computers & Education, 100, 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.05.006
Love, B., Hodge, A., Grandgenett, N., & Swift, A. W. (2014). Student learning and perceptions in a flipped linear algebra course. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 45(3), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2013.822582
Macfadyen, A., English, C., Kelleher, M., Coates, M., Cameron, C., & Gibson, V. (2019). ‘Am I doing it right?’ Conceptualising the practice of supervising master’s dissertation students. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(5), 985–1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1597024
Marnewick, A. L. (2020). A supervision approach to facilitate learning during the master’s research journey. Teaching in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1811223
McCallin, A., & Nayar, S. (2012). Postgraduate research supervision: A critical review of current practice. Teaching in Higher Education, 17(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2011.590979
McNally, B., Chipperfield, J., Dorsett, P., Del Fabbro, L., Frommolt, V., Goetz, S., Lewohl, J., Molineux, M., Pearson, A., Reddan, G., Roiko, A., & Rung, A. (2017). Flipped classroom experiences: Student preferences and flip strategy in a higher education context. Higher Education, 73(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0014-z.
Metsäpelto, R-L., Poikkeus, A-M., Heikkilä, M., Heikkinen-Jokilahti, K., Husu, J., Laine, A., Lappalainen, K., Lähteenmäki, M., Mikkilä-Erdmann, M., & Warinowski, A. (2020). Conceptual framework of teaching quality: A multidimensional adapted process model of teaching. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/52tcv
Newby, P. (2014). Research methods for education. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315758763
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
O’Flaherty, J., Phillips, C., Karanicolas, S., Snelling, C., & Winning, T. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002
Prober, C. G., & Khan, S. (2013). Medical education reimagined: A call to action. Academic Medicine, 88(10), 1407–1410. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182a368bd
Rouhelo, A. (2008). Academic career paths: The early career phases of generalists in the fields of humanities, social science and education in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Annalens Universitatis Turkuensis C: 277. University of Turku.
Schreier, M. (2013). Qualitative content analysis. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 170–183). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243.n12
Sointu., E., Valtonen, T., Kankaanpää, J., Hyypiä, M., Heikkinen, L. & Hirsto, L. (2019a). Ingredients for a positive view of Flipped Classroom in higher education. In J. Van Braak et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 1690-1697). Amsterdam, Netherlands: AACE
Sointu, E., Valtonen, T., Hirsto, L., Kankaanpää, J., Saarelainen, M., Mäkitalo, K., Smits, A. & Manninen, J. (2019b). Teachers as users of ICT from the student perspective in higher education flipped classroom classes. Seminar.net – International Journal of Media, Technology & Life-long Learning, 15(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.7577/seminar.3402
Sointu, E., Hyypiä, M., Hirsto, L., & Murtonen, M. (2020). Flip&Learn project - student data academic year 2019-2020 (pp. 1-53). Report. Tampere University & University of Eastern Finland.
Sointu, E., Hyypiä, M., Lambert, M. C., Hirsto, L., Saarelainen, M. & Valtonen, T. (2022). Preliminary evidence for the key factors in successful flipping: predicting positive course experiences in Flipped Classroom, student perspective. Accepted for publication to Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00848-2
Strayer, J. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15, 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Strelan, P., Osborn, A., & Palmer, E. (2020). Student satisfaction with courses and instructors in a flipped classroom: A meta-analysis. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(3), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12421
Svinhufvud, K. (2015). Participation in the master’s thesis seminar: Exploring the lack of discussion. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 5(2015), 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2014.12.002
Säntti, J., Puustinen, M., & Salminen, J. (2018). Theory and practice in Finnish teacher education: A rhetorical analysis of changing values from the 1960s to the present day. Teachers and Teaching, 24(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1379387
Talbert, R. (2017). Flipped learning: A guide for higher education faculty. Stylus Publishing, LLC.
Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton Rogers (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 17–37). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526405555.n2
Toom, A., Kynäslahti, H., Krokfors, L., Jyrhämä, R., Byman, R., Stenberg, K., Maaranen, K., & Kansanen, P. (2010). Experiences of a research-based approach to teacher education: Suggestions for future policies. European Journal of Education. Research, Development and Policy, 45(2), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2010.01432.x
Tuominen, V. (2013). The employability of graduates with masters’ degree [Publication of the University of Eastern Finland, Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies No. 57]. University of Eastern Finland.
UEF [University of Eastern Finland]. (2021). Filosofinen tiedekunnan opinto-opas 2021-2022 [Curriculum of the Philosophical Faculty]. https://kamu.uef.fi/tietopankki/opinto-oppaat/filosofisen-tiedekunnan-opinto-opas-2021-2022/.
ULA [University of Lapland]. (2021). Kasvatustieteiden tiedekunnan opinto-opas 2021-2024 [Curriculum of the Faculty of Education]. https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=4d865d69-43b4-44a3-a66d-b5ac3486d232.
Uljens, M. (2001). On general education as a discipline. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 20, 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011830623420
Valtonen, T., Hoang, N., Sointu, E., Näykki, P., Mäkitalo, K., Kukkonen, J., Virtanen, A., Järvelä, S., & Häkkinen, P. (2021). How pre-service teachers perceive their 21st-century skills and dispositions: A longitudinal perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106643
Ward, G., & Dixon, H. (2014). The research masters experience: The impact of efficacy and outcome expectations on enrolment and completion. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 38(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2012.706804
Yeung, K., & O’Malley, P. (2014). Making ‘the flip’ work: Barriers to and implementation strategies for introducing flipped teaching methods into traditional higher education courses. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, 10(1), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i10.518
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Erkko Sointu, Hanna Vuojärvi, Aino Äikäs
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Seminar.net is a fully open access journal, which means that all articles are available on the internet to all users immediately upon publication. Use and distribution in any medium is permitted, provided the author and the journal are properly credited. The journal allow reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license CC-BY
- The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Seminar.net does not charge authors for publishing with us.