Eksklusive fellesskap: Et kritisk blikk på nyurbanismen i lys av Kentlands, USA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.121Abstract
Denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i nyurbanismen, en amerikansk byplanleggingsbevegelse, og deres byutviklingsprosjekt Kentlands i Maryland, USA. Deres påstand er at en gjennom de rette designprinsippene vil få det ønskede samfunnet. Her argumenteres det for at den fysiske determinismen som ligger til grunn for den nyurbanistiske ideologien er for enkel. Mens nyurbanistene hevder at de skaper heterogene og lokaliserte fellesskap gjennom realiseringen av deres egne designprinsipper, hevdes det her med støtte i en sosialantropologisk studie av Kentlands at dannelsen av slike fellesskap er noe mer komplisert. Innbyggerne viste seg i praksis til og med å handle mot et slikt ideal. Sosial praksis, de nyurbanistiske designreglene, samt den felles interessen for å opprettholde eiendomsverdiene, førte til etableringen av en "eksklusiv enklave" snarere enn et inkluderende bomiljø.
Nøkkelord: Nyurbanisme, byplanlegging, designregler, eksklusive enklaver
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