Challenges in Malaysian Design Industry
Managing Design and Decision-making Processes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.5695Keywords:
designer roles, strategic design, decision-makingAbstract
The Malaysian design industry follows a market-need-driven approach, where marketing-oriented managers guide designers to address anticipated high-demand markets. However, challenges persist in understanding designers' problem-solving approaches due to implicit practices. This research emphasizes the hindrance caused by insufficient communication and collaboration among managers, designers, and researchers, impeding a comprehensive grasp of innovation processes in the manufacturing sector. The paper advocates a pragmatic examination of designers' experiences, highlighting sensemaking, speculative imagination, and improvisation as crucial design activities. Results show Malaysian industrial designers face consistent challenges with management, impacting the development process. The study contributes to formulating a practical solution for fostering creativity among managers, designers, and stakeholders in the design industry.
References
Aguiar, U. N. (2016). Design strategy: Towards a post-rational, practice-based perspective. Swedish Design Research Journal, 12(2), 43-52. https://svid.ep.liu.se/article/view/519. https://doi.org/10.3384/svid.2000-964X.14243
Ali, A. S., Rahmat, I., & Hassan, H. (2008). Involvement of key design participants in refurbishment design process, Facilities, 26(9/10), 389–400.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770810885742
Allio, R. J. (2008). A conversation with Gary Hamel: it's time to reinvent management. Strategy & Leadership, 36(2), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570810857519
Austin, R., Hjorth, D., & Hessel, S. (2018). How aesthetics and economy become conversant in creative firms. Organization Studies, 39(11), 1501-1519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840617736940
Bart, C. K. (1993). General managers control new and existing products differently. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(4), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90004-O
Beckman, S., & Barry, M. (2009). Design and innovation through storytelling. International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(4), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.1.4.151
Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the Ideal Form: Product Design and Consumer Response. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900302
Boeddrich, H. J. (2004). Ideas in the workplace: a new approach towards organizing the fuzzy front end of the innovation process. Creativity and innovation management, 13(4), 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-1690.2004.00316.x
Boess, S. (2008). Meaning in product use: which terms do designers use in their work? In L. Feijs, M. Hessler, S. Kyf¬n, B. Young (Eds.), Design and semantics of form and movement. Proceedings of DeSForM, Offenbach, (pp. 20-27). Design and semantics of form and movement. https://northumbria-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/documents/pdfs/departments/school-of-design/research/desform/desform-2008-proceedings.pdf#page=22
Bonner, J. M.; Ruekert, R. W.; Walker, O. C. (2002). Upper management control of new product development projects and project performance, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19(3), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1930233
Boztepe, S. (2016). Design expanding into strategy: evidence from design consulting firms. In P. Lloyd, P. & E. Bohemia, (eds.), Future Focused Thinking – DRS International Conference 2016, 27 - 30 June, Brighton, United Kingdom. Design Research Society. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.430
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology, 9(1), 3 –26. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000196
Brown, T., & Wyatt, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation IDEO. Development Outreach, 12(1), 29-31. https://doi.org/10.1596/1020-797X_12_1_29
Bruce, M., & Bessant, J. R. (2002). Design in business: Strategic innovation through design. Pearson education.
Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007). The Sage handbook of grounded theory. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607941
Buchanan, R. (2001). Design research and the new learning. Design issues, 17(4), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1162/07479360152681056
Bucolo, S., & Matthews, J. (2011). Design-led innovation – Exploring the synthesis of needs, technologies and business models. In J. Buur (Ed.), Participatory Innovation Conference Proceedings (pp. 351-354). University of Southern Denmark. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40355/
Buijs, J. (2003). Modelling product innovation processes, from linear logic to circular chaos. Creativity and innovation management, 12(2), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00271
Candi, M. (2010). Where does design contribute? The contribution of design to the phases of new product development (Paper presentation). 17th International Product Development Management Conference. Universidad de Murcia, 13-15 June.
Carlgren, L., Elmquist, M., & Rauth, I. (2016). The challenges of using design thinking in industry-experiences from five large firms. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(3), 344-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12176
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage.
Chen, J., Burgelman, R. A., Li, J., Hang, C. C., & Zheng, G. (2020). Leading for constructive innovation: Preliminary evidence from China. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 57, 101588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2020.101588
Collins, H. (2013). Can Design Thinking Still Add Value? Design Management Review, 24(2), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/drev.10239
Cooper, R., & Press, M. (1995). The design agenda: a guide to successful design management. John Wiley and Sons.
Deserti, A., & Rizzo, F. (2014). Design and the Cultures of Enterprises. Design Issues, 30(1), 36-56. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00247
Doherty, R., Wrigley, C., Matthews, J., & Bucolo, S. (2014). Climbing the design ladder: Step by step. In Proceedings of the 19th DMI: Academic Design Management Conference (pp. 2578-2599). Design Management Institute. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/74853/
Elsbach, K. D., & Stigliani, I. (2018). Design thinking and organizational culture: A review and framework for future research. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2274-2306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317744252
Fayard, A. L., Stigliani, I., & Bechky, B. A. (2017). How nascent occupations construct a mandate: The case of service designers' ethos. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2), 270-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839216665805
Gregory, E. (2020). Methodological challenges for the qualitative researcher: The use of a conceptual framework within a qualitative case study. London Review of Education, 18(1), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.18546/LRE.18.1.09
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117). Sage Publications. https://miguelangelmartinez.net/IMG/pdf/1994_Guba_Lincoln_Paradigms_Quali_Research_chapter.pdf
Haizal, M. N., Marzuki, I., & Hariri, A. M. (2021). Role of design and innovation to enhance new product development among Malaysian small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). AIP Conference Proceedings, 2347(1), 020052. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0055658
Hamel, G. (2008). The future of management. Human resource management international digest, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/hrmid.2008.04416fae.001
Han, J., Forbes, H., & Schaefer, D. (2021). An exploration of how creativity, functionality, and aesthetics are related in design. Research in Engineering Design, 32(3), 289-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-021-00366-9
Hart, S., Tzokas, N., & Saren, M. (1999). The effectiveness of market information in enhancing new product success rates. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2(1), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069910248856
Hira, A., & Hynes, M. (2021). How do designers and engineers practice design while Making? A narrative inquiry of designers who Make. Information and Learning Sciences, 122(11/12), 749-773. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-08-2020-0195
Howard, T. J., Culley, S. J., & Dekoninck, E. (2008). Describing the creative design process by the integration of engineering design and cognitive psychology literature. Design studies, 29(2), 160-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2008.01.001
Isa, S. S., & Liem, A. (2021). Exploring the role of physical prototypes during co-creation activities at LEGO company using case study validation. CoDesign, 17(3), 330-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2020.1715443
Jaes, L., Razali, N. A., & Yusof, A. M. M. (2023). The pinnacle of paternalistic leadership in Malaysia: Mahathir mohamad as an outstanding statesman. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2827(1), 030050. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0165204
Jashapara, A. (1993). The competitive learning organization: a quest for the Holy Grail. Management Decision, 31(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749310047160
Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Regnér, P., Angwin, D., & Scholes, K. (2020). Exploring strategy. Pearson.
Jones, J. C. (1992). Design methods. John Wiley & Sons.
Kalantidou, E., & Fry, T. (Eds.). (2014). Design in the Borderlands (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315778891.
Kim, J. H., Bae, Z.-T., & Kang, S. H. (2008). The role of online brand community in new product development: Case studies on digital product manufacturers in Korea. International Journal of Innovation Management, 12(03), 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919608002011
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press.
Kumar, V., & Whitney, P. (2007). Daily life, not markets: customer-centered design. Journal of Business Strategy, 28(4), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660710760944
Lages, L. F., Ricard, A., Hemonnet‐Goujot, A., & Guerin, A. M. (2020). Frameworks for innovation, collaboration, and change: Value creation wheel, design thinking, creative problem‐solving, and lean. Strategic Change, 29(2), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2321
Leavy, B. (2010). Design thinking – a new mental model of value innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 38(3), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878571011042050
Lockwood, T. (2010). Design thinking: Integrating innovation, customer experience, and brand value. Skyhorse Publishing.
Maciver, F. (2016). Reversing the Design-Marketing Hierarchy: Mapping New Roles and Responsibilities in 'Designer-Led' New Product Development. The Design Journal, 19(4), 625–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2016.1176340
Martin, R. L. (2009). The design of business: Why design thinking is the next competitive advantage. Harvard Business Press.
Michlewski, K. (2008). Uncovering design attitude: Inside the culture of designers. Organization studies, 29(3), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607088019
Muratovski, G. (2016). Paradigm Shift: report on the new role of design in business and society. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 1(2), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2015.11.002
Nayak, B. C., Nayak, G. K., & Jena, D. (2020). Social recognition and employee engagement: The effect of social media in organizations. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1847979020975109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979020975109
Nessler, D. (2016). How to apply a design thinking, HCD, UX or any creative process from scratch. [Medium. com. online]. Medium. https://medium.com/digital-experience-design/how-to-apply-a-design-thinking-hcd-ux-or-any-creative-process-from-scratch-b8786efbf812
Norman, D. A., & Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change. Design issues, 30(1), 78-96. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00250
Omar, Z. F., & Rasid, S. Z. A. (2019). The Value of Industrial Design in Malaysian SMEs. Open International Journal of Informatics, 7(2), 77-88. https://oiji.utm.my/index.php/oiji/article/view/66
Parsons, J. L., & Campbell, J. R. (2004). Digital apparel design process: Placing a new technology into a framework for the creative design process. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 22(1-2), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0402200111
Press, M., & Cooper, R. (2017). The design experience: the role of design and designers in the twenty-first century. Routledge.
Ravasi, D., & Lojacono, G. (2005). Managing design and designers for strategic renewal. Long range planning, 38(1), 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2004.11.010
Rylander Eklund, A., & Simpson, B. (2020). The duality of design(ing) successful projects. Project Management Journal, 51(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819888117
Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed.). Teachers college press. https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=563ce2da6225ff3cae8b4590&assetKey=AS%3A292843798188032%401446830810198
Sun, Y., Münster, S., Köhler, T., & Sommer, C. M. (2020). Understanding the industrial designer's self-perception of ideation. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 8(4), 240-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2020.1813632
Tay, S. I., Alipal, J., & Lee, T. C. (2021). Industry 4.0: Current practice and challenges in Malaysian manufacturing firms. Technology in Society, 67, 101749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101749
Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton Rogers (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 17-37). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526405555.n2
Walsh, I., Holton, J. A., Bailyn, L., Fernandez, W., Levina, N., & Glaser, B. (2015). What grounded theory is… a critically re-flective conversation among scholars. Organizational Research Methods, 18(4), 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114565028
Wrigley, C. (2013). Educating the 'design innovation catalyst'for change. In K. Sugiyama (Ed.) Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR) (pp. 3547-3557). Shibaura Institute of Technology / Japanese Society for the Science of Design, Japan. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61383/
Yee, J. (2007). Connecting practice to research (and back to practice): Making the leap from design practice to design research. Design principles and practices, 1(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/CGP/v01i01/37556
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Abu Bin Ali, Andre Liem, Siti Salwa Isa, Nor Lelawati Jamaludin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The author(s) must manage their economic reproduction rights to any third party.
- The journal makes no financial or other compensation for submissions, unless a separate agreement regarding this matter has been made with the author(s).
- The journal is obliged to archive the manuscript (including metadata) in its originally published digital form for at least a suitable amount of time in which the manuscript can be accessed via a long-term archive for digital material, such as in the Norwegian universities’ institutional archives within the framework of the NORA partnership.
Readers of the journal can print out the published manuscripts under the same conditions as apply to the reproduction of physical copies.