Företagspolitiker – en systematisk granskning av forskning om styrelsearbete

Louise Skoog; Oskar Svärd

doi:10.7577/nat.4997

Forfattere

Louise Skoog Umeå universitet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8017-8359
Oskar Svärd Göteborgs universitet https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4124-4484

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7577/nat.4997

Nøgleord:

publicly owned companies, board members, board roles, political roles

Resumé

Trenden att använda styrelser som styrform inom och mellan offentliga organisationer utgör nya utmaningar för de folkvalda politiker som ofta innehar uppdragen som styrelseledamöter. De träder nu in i styrelserum och leder offentligt ägda bolag som verkar enligt en marknadsbaserad logik. I den här litteraturstudien granskar vi forskning om bolagsstyrning för att utröna vilka nya roller detta kan medföra. Tre styrelseroller diskuteras: övervakare, mentorer och länkare till externa resurser. Vi granskar även vilka metoder forskare använt för att studera bolagsstyrning och finner en påtaglig dominans av kvantitativa metoder. Vilket dels kan ha påverkat vilka teoretiska modeller som har skapats, dels pekar det på möjliga luckor som forskningen framåt kan fylla. Analysen visar även att roller som härrör från bolagsstyrning inte behöver stå i strid med klassiska politikerroller – de skulle kunna komplettera dem. Studien bygger på 129 artiklar publicerade i 4 topptidskrifter under 2010–2019.

Metrik

Metrik indlæses ...

Referencer

Ahrne, G. (1994). Social organizations: Interaction inside, outside and between organizations. Sage.

Andersson, J. (2016). Locked-in collaboration. Ineko.

Andeweg, R. B. (2014). Roles in legislatures. In S. Martin, T. Saalfeld, & K. W. Strøm (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Dtudies (pp. 267-286). Oxford University Press.

Andrews, R., Wegorowski, P., Ferry, L., & Skelcher, C. (2019). Corporatization in the Public Sector: Explaining the Growth of Local Government Companies. Public Administration Review, 80(3), 482-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13052

Ararat, M., Aksu, M., & Cetin, A. T. (2015). How board diversity affects firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence on channels in controlled firms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(2), 83-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12103

Barroso, C., Villegas, M. M., & Pérez‐Calero, L. (2011). Board influence on a firm's internationalization. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(4), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2011.00859.x

Bergh, A., & Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2022). Kommunala bolag: Fler nackdelar än fördelar? SNS förlag.

Bergh, A., & Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2020). Kommunala bolag – i vems intresse?: Tre slutsatser om kommunpolitikers syn på de kommunala bolagens styrelser och vad de bör representera. Nordisk Administrativt Tidskrift, 97(1). https://doi.org/10.7577/nat.4107

Bergh, A., Erlingsson, G. Ó., Gustafsson, A., & Wittberg, E. (2019). Municipally owned enterprises as danger zones for corruption? How politicians having feet in two camps may undermine conditions for accountability. Public Integrity, 21(3), 320-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1522182

Bianco, M., Ciavarella, A., & Signoretti, R. (2015). Women on corporate boards in Italy: The role of family connections. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(2), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12097

Biddle, B. J. (1986). Recent developments in role theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 12(1), 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.12.080186.000435

Blomgren, M., & Rozenberg, O. (2012). Bringing parliamentary roles back in. In M. Blomgren & O. Rozenberg (Eds.), Parliamentary Roles in Modern legislatures (pp. 211-228). Routledge.

Brunsson, N. (1994). Politicization and 'companyization': On institutional affiliation and confusion in the organizational world. Management Accounting Research, 5(3), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1006/mare.1994.1020

Bäck, H. (2003). Party politics and the common good in Swedish local government. Scandinavian Political Studies, 26(2), 93–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00081

Carnevale, P. J. (2006). Creativity in the outcomes of conflict. In M. Deutsch, P. T. Coleman, & E. C. Marcus (Eds.), The Handbook of Conflict Resolution (pp. 414-435). Jossey-Bass.

Carter, D. A., F. D'Souza, B. J. Simkins, & W. G. Simpson. (2010). The gender and ethnic diversity of US boards and board committees and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(5), 396-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00809.x

Chiang, H‐T., & L‐J. He. (2010). Board supervision capability and information transparency. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(1), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00779.x

Chen, H‐L. (2014). Board capital, CEO power and R&D investment in electronics firms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 22(5), 422-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12076

Chen, H-L. (2011). Does board independence influence the top management team? Evidence from strategic decisions toward internationalization. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(4), 334-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2011.00850.x

Christensen, T., & P. Lægreid. (2008). The challenge of coordination in central government organizations: The Norwegian case. Public Organization Review, 8(2), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-008-0058-3

Coppens, T. (2014). How to turn a planning conflict into a planning success? Conditions for constructive conflict management in the case of Ruggeveld-Boterlaar-Silsburg in Antwerp, Belgium. Planning Practice and Research, 29, 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2013.872912

Coser, L. (1956). The Functions of Social Conflict. The Free Press.

Cowen, A. P., & J. J. Marcel. (2011). Damaged goods: Board decisions to dismiss reputationally compromised directors. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 509-527. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.61967992

Cuppen, E. (2011). Diversity and constructive conflict in stakeholder dialogue: Considerations for design and methods. Policy Sciences, 45, 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-011-9141-7

Cuypers, I. R. P., G. Ertug, J. J. Reuer, & B. Bensaou. (2017). Board representation in international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 38(4), 920-938. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2529

Desender, K. A., R. V. Aguilera, M. Lópezpuertas‐Lamy, & R. Crespi. (2016). A clash of governance logics: Foreign ownership and board monitoring. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2), 349-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2344

Deutsch, Y., T. Keil, & T. Laamanen. (2011). A dual agency view of board compensation: The joint effects of outside director and CEO stock options on firm risk (chief executive officer). Strategic Management Journal, 32(2), 212-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.876

de Villiers, C., Naiker, V., & Van Staden, C. J. (2011). The effect of board characteristics on firm environmental performance. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1636-1663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311411506

Donaldson, L. (1990). The ethereal hand: Organizational economics and management theory. The Academy of Management Review, 15(3), 369-381. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1990.4308806

Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1994). Boards and company performance - Research challenges the conventional wisdom. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 2(3), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.1994.tb00071.x

Dowell, G. W. S., Shackell, M. B., & Stuart, N. V. (2011). Boards, CEOs, and surviving a financial crisis: Evidence from the internet shakeout. Strategic Management Journal, 32(10), 1025-1045. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.923

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279003

Erlingsson, G. Ó., Fogelgren, M., Olsson, F., Thomasson, A., & Öhrvall, R. (2015). Att bolagisera kommunal verksamhet: Implikationer för granskning, ansvarsutkrävande och demokrati?. Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, 117(4), 555-585. https://journals.lub.lu.se/st/article/view/15577

Eulau, H. (1962). The legislator as representative: Representational roles. In J.C. Wahlke, H. Eulau, W. Buchanan, & L.C. Ferguson (Eds.), The Legislative System (pp. 267-287). John Wiley & Sons.

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Agency problems and residual claims. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 327-349. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.94032

Ferry, R., Andrews, R., Skelcher, C., & Wegorowski, P. (2018). New development: Corporatization of local authorities in England in the wake of austerity 2010–2016. Public Money & Management, 38(6), 477-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486629

Filatotchev, I., Chahine, S., & Bruton, G. D. (2018). Board interlocks and initial public offering performance in the United States and the United Kingdom: An institutional perspective. Journal of Management, 44(4), 1620-1650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315621145

Funck, E. K., & Karlsson, T. S. (2020). Twenty-five years of studying new public management: Accomplishments and limitations. Financial Accountability and Management, 36(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12214

Grossi, G., & Reichard, C. (2008). Municipal corporatization in Germany and Italy. Public Management Review, 10(5), 597-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030802264275

Hallgren, T., & Helleryd, E. (2007). Affärsmässiga, samhällsnyttiga och kommunägda. Procredo AB.

Haynes, K. T., & Hillman, A. J. (2010). The effect of board capital and CEO power on strategic change. Strategic Management Journal, 31(11), 1145-1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.859

Haynes, K. T., Zattoni, A., Boyd, B. K., & Minichilli, A. (2019). Figureheads or potentates? CEO power and board oversight in the context of Sarbanes-Oxley. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 27(6), 402-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12293

Holmberg, S. (1999). Representativ demokrati. Stockholm: Elanders Gotab. SOU 1999:64, Demokratiutredningens skrift 24.

Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x

Janis, I. L. (1983). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascos (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin.

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Jie, T., Haleblian, J., & Rajagopalan, N. (2011). The effects of board human and social capital on investor reactions to new CEO selection. Strategic Management Journal, 32(7), 731-747. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.909

Johansen, T. R., & Pettersson, K. (2013). The impact of board interlocks on auditor choice and audit fees. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(3), 287-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12013

Johnson, S. G., Schnatterly, K., & Hill, A. D. (2013). Board composition beyond independence: Social capital, human capital, and demographics. Journal of Management, 39(1), 232-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312463938

Kang, R., & Zaheer, A. (2018). Determinants of alliance partner choice: Network distance, managerial incentives, and board monitoring. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2745-2769. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2930

Karlsson, D. (2013). The hidden constitutions: How informal political institutions affect the representation style of local councils. Local Government Studies, 39(5), 681-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2012.670748

Karlsson, D., & Gilljam, M. (2014). Partier, representationsprinciper och bilderna av den svenska demokratin. In D. Karlsson & M. Gilljam (Eds.), Svenska politiker (pp. 23-54). Santérus.

Katz, R. S., & Mair, P. (1995). Changing models of party organization and party democracy: The emergence of the cartel party. Party Politics, 1(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001001

Knapp, J. R., Dalziel, T., & Lewis, M. W. (2011). Governing top managers: Board control, social categorization, and their unintended influence on discretionary behaviors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(4), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2011.00845.x

Knippen, J. M., Shen, W., & Zhu, Q. (2019). Limited Progress? The Effect of External Pressure for Board Gender Diversity on the Increase of Female Directors. Strategic Management Journal, 40(7), 1123-1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3014

Krause, R. (2017). Being the CEO's Boss: An Examination of Board Chair Orientations. Strategic Management Journal, 38(3), 697-713. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2500

Krause, R., & Semadeni, M. (2014). Last Dance or Second Chance? Firm Performance, CEO Career Horizon, and the Separation of Board Leadership Roles. Strategic Management Journal, 35(6), 808-825. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2139

Krause, R., Withers, M. C., & Semadeni, M. (2017). Compromise on the board: investigating the antecedents and consequences of lead independent director appointment. Academy of Management Journal, 60(6), 2239-2265. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0852

Krause, R., Semadeni, M., & Withers, M. C. (2016). That Special Someone: When the Board Views Its Chair as a Resource. Strategic Management Journal, 37(9), 1990-2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2444

Krause, T., & Van Thiel, S. (2019). Perceived managerial autonomy in municipally owned corporations: disentangling the impact of output control, process control, and policy-profession conflict. Public Management Review, 21(2), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1473472

Laurent, B. (2007). Varför kommunägda bolag? Svenskt näringsliv.

Li, W., Krause, R., Qin, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., Lin, S., & Xu, Y. (2018). Under the Microscope: An Experimental Look at Board Transparency and Director Monitoring Behavior. Strategic Management Journal, 39(4), 1216-1236. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2756

Lundbäck, M., & Daunfeldt, S-O. (2013). Slutrapport: Kommunalt företagande som konkurrensbegränsning – företagens perspektiv. Stockholm: Ratio.

Ma, J., & Khanna, T. (2016). Independent Directors' Dissent on Boards: Evidence from Listed Companies in China. Strategic Management Journal, 37(8), 1547-1557. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2421

Mace, M. L. (1971). Directors: Myth and Reality. Harvard Business School Press.

Machold, S., & Farquhar, S. (2013). Board Task Evolution: A Longitudinal Field Study in the UK. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(2), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12017

Marquardt, C., & Wiedman, C. (2016). Can Shareholder Activism Improve Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 24(4), 443-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12170

Melkumov, D., Breit, E., & Khoreva, V. (2015). Directors' Social Identifications and Board Tasks: Evidence from Finland. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12088

Muller-Kahle, M. I., & Lewellyn, K. B. (2011). Did board configuration matter? The case of US subprime lenders. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(5), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2011.00871.x

Muth, M., & Donaldson, L. (1998). Stewardship theory and board structure: a contingency approach. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 6(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00076

Nadeem, M. (2019). Does board gender diversity influence voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in initial public offering prospectuses? Evidence from China. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 28(2), 100-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12304

Neville, F., Byron, K., Post, C., & Ward, A. (2019). Board independence and corporate misconduct: A cross-national meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2538-2569. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318801999

Oehmichen, J., Schrapp, S., & Wolf, M. (2017). Who Needs Experts Most? Board Industry Expertise and Strategic Change - a Contingency Perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 38(3), 645-656. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2513

Oliver, A. G., Krause, R., Busenbark, J. R., & Kalm, M. (2018). BS in the Boardroom: Benevolent Sexism and Board Chair Orientations. Strategic Management Journal, 39(1), 113-130. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2698

Olsen, T. H., Solstad, E., & Torsteinsen, H. (2017). The meaning of institutional logics for performance in boards of municipal companies. Public Money & Management, 37(6), 393-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2017.1344015

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Harper and Row.

Pitkin, H. F. (1967). The concept of representation. University of California Press.

Post, C., & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: A meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546-1571. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.0319

Regeringskansliet. (2022). Verksamhetsberättelse för bolag med statligt ägande 2021. Stockholm.

Rhodes, R. A. (2016). Recovering the craft of public administration. Public Administration Review, 76(4), 638-647. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12504

Rutherford, A., & Lozano, J. (2018). Top management turnover: The role of governing board structures. Public Administration Review, 78(1), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12838

Schnatterly, K., & Johnson, S. G. (2014). Independent boards and the institutional investors that prefer them: Drivers of institutional investor heterogeneity in governance preferences. Strategic Management Journal, 35(10), 1552-1563. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2166

Schneider, M. C., & Bos, A. L. (2019). The application of social role theory to the study of gender in politics. Political Psychology, 40, 173-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12573

Searing, D. (1994). Westminster's world: Understanding political roles. Harvard University Press.

Searing, D. (1991). Roles, rules, and rationality in the new institutionalism. The American Political Science Review, 85(4), 1239-1260. https://doi.org/10.2307/1963944

Sjöstrand, S-E. (1985). Samhällsorganisation - En ansats till en institutionell ekonomisk mikroteori. Doxa.

Skoog, L. (2021). Where did the party conflicts go? how horizontal specialization in political systems affects party conflicts. Politics & Policy, 49(2), 390-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12397

Skoog, L. (2019). Political conflict – dissent and antagonism among political parties in local government. Brandfactory.

Skoog, L. (2011). Alla följer partilinjen – en studie av hur kommunpolitiker tolkar sitt mandat i praktiken. Förvaltningshögskolans rapporter 120.

Skoog, L., & Karlsson, D. (2022). Perceptions of polarization among political representatives. Political Research Exchange, 4(1), 2124923. https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2022.2124923

Statistiska centralbyrån (2023, 28 april). Offentligt ägda företag. Hämtat 28 april, 2023 från https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/offentlig-ekonomi /finanser-for-den-kommunala-sektorn/offentligt-agda-foretag/

Statskontoret. (2018). Myndighetsstyrelser i praktiken. Stockholm: Statskontoret.

Strøm, K. (1997). Rules, reasons and routines: Legislative roles in parliamentary democracies. I W. C. Müller och T. Saalfeld (red.), Members of Parliament in Western Europe. Roles and Behaviour (pp. 155-174). Frank Cass.

Strøm, K. (1992). Democracy as political competition. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(4-5), 375-396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764292035004

Sun, P., Hu, H. W., & Hillman, A. J. (2016). The dark side of board political capital: Enabling blockholder rent appropriation. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1801-1822. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0425

Sur, S., Lvina, E., & Magnan, M. (2013). Why do boards differ? Because owners do: Assessing ownership impact on board composition. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(4), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12021

Svärd, O. (2016). Företagare eller politiker? En studie av styrelsearbete i kommunala bostadsbolag. Ineko.

Tavares, A. F., & Camões, P. J. (2010). New forms of local governance: A theoretical and empirical analysis of municipal corporations in Portugal. Public Management Review, 12(5), 587-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719031003633193

Thomasson, A. (2009). Exploring the ambiguity of hybrid organisations: a stakeholder approach. Financial Accountability & Management, 25(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2009.00481.x

Tuschke, A., Sanders, W. M. G., & Hernandez, E. (2014). Whose experience matters in the boardroom? The effects of experiential and vicarious learning on emerging market entry. Strategic Management Journal, 35(3), 398-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2100

Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. I P. A. A. Van Lange, E. T. Higgins, & A. W. Kruglanski (red.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (vol. 2, pp. 458-476). Sage.

van der Meer, J. (2023). Role perceptions, collaboration and performance: insights from identity theory. Public Management Review, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2203167

Voorn, B., van Genugten, M. L., & van Thiel, S. (2017). The efficiency and effectiveness of municipally owned corporations: a systematic review. Local Government Studies, 43(5), 820-841. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2017.1319360

Wilks, S. (2007). Boardization and corporate governance in the UK as a response to depoliticization and failing accountability. Public Policy and Administration, 22(4), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076707081589

Withers, M. C., & Fitza, M. A. (2017). Do board chairs matter? The influence of board chairs on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 38(6), 1343-1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2587

Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M. (2016). Understanding the social role of entrepreneurship. Journal of Management Studies, 53(4), 610-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12149

Zattoni, A., Gnan, L., & Huse, M. (2015). Does family involvement influence firm performance? Exploring the mediating effects of board processes and tasks. Journal of Management, 41(4), 1214-1243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312463936

Zorn, M. L., Shropshire, C., Martin, J. A., Combs, J. G., & Ketchen, D. J. (2017). Home alone: The effects of lone-insider boards on CEO pay, financial misconduct, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 38(13), 2623-2646. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2677